#immune response

NIAID-supported research sheds light on why healthy people of the same age respond differently to vaccines.

Older people, immunocompromised people and those with underlying health conditions can benefit most from additional shots.

Nearly all HIV-positive study participants achieved protective antibody levels after two doses of Heplisav-B.

Two drugs widely used to treat certain autoimmune diseases substantially improved clinical status and reduced deaths.

Protecting the immunocompromised is not only a matter of health equity, it’s critical to ending the pandemic.

Researchers showed that B cells evolve after COVID-19 vaccination to help improve protection against SARS-CoV-2 over time.

Boosters reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by about 80% for people with HIV, cancer, autoimmune conditions or organ transplants.

The booster is recommended for organ transplant recipients, people receiving cancer treatment and people with advanced or untreated HIV.

Experts call for heightened precautions and better, more intensive therapies for COVID-19 patients with weakened immune systems.

People with immune deficiency may not respond as well to vaccines but could still gain some protection.

Many with hep C or another liver disease have questions about what the side effects of COVID vaccines might be.

Natural immunity and vaccine responses may be weaker in people with immune suppression, so they should get their second dose promptly.

Long-lived memory immune cells continue to provide protection even after antibody levels drop.

The population of hepatitis C within the body is interconnected rather like an online social network and cooperates to evade the immune system...